Titanium Grade 2 Supplier + B2B Prototyping

What is Titanium Grade 2?

Titanium Grade 2, often called commercially pure titanium or CP Ti, is an unalloyed form of titanium containing at least 98.9 % Ti with small amounts of iron (≤ 0.30 %), oxygen (≤ 0.25 %), carbon (≤ 0.08 %), nitrogen (≤ 0.03 %) and hydrogen (≤ 0.015 %). This modest impurity level differentiates Grade 2 from the slightly purer Grade 1 and makes it the “workhorse” of the CP grades. Designated UNS R50400 and covered by standards such as ASTM B348 and ASTM B265, Grade 2 offers a balanced combination of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance and is widely available in bar, sheet, plate, tubing and forged forms. Its near‑pure chemistry and high oxygen content give it moderate mechanical strength, while the absence of alloying elements helps maintain low density and excellent corrosion resistance.

Chemical Composition & Standards

CP Grade 2 titanium has a nominal titanium content ≥ 98.9 % with impurities limited to Fe ≤ 0.30 %, O ≤ 0.25 %, C ≤ 0.08 %, N ≤ 0.03 % and H ≤ 0.015 %. These limits appear in international specifications such as ASTM B348 (bars and billets), ASTM B265 (plates and sheets) and ASTM B338/B337 (tubing). Other equivalent designations include AMS 4941, AMS 4902 and DIN 3.7035. When buying titanium Grade 2, customers often encounter the UNS R50400 designation or descriptions such as “titanium Grade 2 sheet ASTM B265” and “titanium Grade 2 bar ASTM B348”. BACH INDUSTRY AG supplies all common forms along with material certificates according to these standards.

Physical & Mechanical Properties

Because Grade 2 titanium is almost pure, it retains the low density and unique physical properties of titanium. Its density of 4.51 g cm⁻³ makes it roughly 40 % lighter than steel and only slightly heavier than aluminium, giving designers a high strength‑to‑weight ratio. The alloy remains stable up to high temperatures; its melting range spans 1610–1665 °C and it can operate continuously up to about 400 °C. Thermal expansion is relatively low at 8.6 µm·m⁻¹·°C⁻¹ between 0 °C and 100 °C, while thermal conductivity is moderate at 16.4 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. Electrical resistivity is around 5.2 × 10⁻⁵ Ω·cm and the metal is non‑magnetic, which is useful for MRI‑safe medical devices.

Mechanically, Grade 2 offers moderate strength with good ductility. Typical mechanical properties in the annealed condition include:

• Ultimate tensile strength (UTS): 344 – 485 MPa

• Yield strength (0.2 % proof): 275 – 410 MPa

• Elongation at break: ~20 – 28 %

• Modulus of elasticity: 105 – 120 GPa

• Hardness: 145–200 HV

These values translate to a metal that is tough enough for structural components yet ductile enough to be formed or welded. Fatigue strength is around 300 MPa for 10⁷ cycles. Compared with the high‑strength alloy Grade 5 (Ti‑6Al‑4V), which has UTS around 1000–1190 MPa and yield strength 910–1110 MPa, Grade 2 sacrifices strength for ease of fabrication and lower cost.

Corrosion Resistance & Biocompatibility

One of Grade 2 titanium’s most celebrated attributes is its exceptional corrosion resistance. When exposed to air or water, it forms a strongly adherent, stable oxide film that protects the surface. This passive film makes the alloy resistant to oxidizing, neutral and mildly reducing environments; it withstands moist chlorides, chlorite and hypochlorite solutions, nitric and chromic acids, and many organic acids. Grade 2 offers excellent resistance to seawater and marine atmospheres and even prolonged exposure of tubing to polluted seawater for 16 years results in little or no corrosion. The alloy resists erosion by high‑velocity seawater up to ~120 ft·s⁻¹ and shows superior cavitation resistance. However, titanium should not be used in red fuming nitric acid due to pyrophoric reaction risk.

These corrosion properties explain why Grade 2 competes successfully with stainless steel in chemical processing, desalination and marine applications. Moreover, its oxide film and lack of toxic alloying elements make it biocompatible. CP titanium has been widely used for implants, dental screws and orthopedic devices because it does not trigger adverse tissue reactions. In the medical field, titanium’s non‑magnetic and non‑toxic nature allows patients with implants to undergo MRI scans without artefacts. For implant designers, Grade 2 provides a good balance of strength and corrosion resistance at a cost lower than that of alloy grades.

Processing, Welding & Machining

Grade 2 titanium can be processed by conventional forming and machining methods, although its reactivity at high temperature demands careful handling. Cold forming is feasible due to the material’s ductility; the bend radius should be at least 2 times the sheet thickness for material under 0.070 in (1.8 mm). Hot working improves ductility and is usually performed between 400 °F and 600 °F (204–316 °C). Stress‑relieving is carried out by heating to 900–1100 °F (482–593 °C) followed by air or slow cooling. For full annealing, the material is heated to 704 °C and held for 2 hours; forging operations may start at 899 °C and finish near 843 °C.

Machinability of CP Grade 2 is similar to austenitic stainless steel: tools should be kept sharp, cutting speeds low and coolants plentiful. Tungsten‑carbide tools of grades C1‑C4 are recommended. The alloy welds readily using GTAW (TIG) or GMAW (MIG) processes provided that inert gas shielding (argon or argon–helium mix) is used to prevent oxygen pickup. Preheating and post‑weld heat treatment are generally not required, making welding straightforward for pipes, fittings and structural components.

Available Forms & Dimensions

BACH INDUSTRY AG stocks a comprehensive range of Grade 2 titanium products. Flat products include sheet (0.5–50 mm thick), plate (> 10 mm) and foil (< 0.5 mm), ideal for fabrications, heat exchangers and marine hardware. Long products come in round bar, rod and wire suitable for fasteners, springs, and machining into bespoke components. Piping products encompass seamless and welded pipe, tubing, pipe fittings and flanges for chemical and oil‑and‑gas installations. Fasteners such as bolts, screws, nuts and washers leverage Grade 2’s low density and corrosion resistance. Powder forms cater to additive manufacturing and powder metallurgy. Welding wire and welding rod ensure compatibility when fabricating CP titanium structures. Whatever the form, materials are supplied with test certificates attesting to chemical composition and mechanical properties.

Pricing & Availability

The price of titanium Grade 2 varies with market supply, energy costs and product form. As a general rule, Grade 2 is more affordable than alloy grades such as Grade 5 because it does not contain expensive elements like vanadium or aluminium; this is why Grade 2 is often described as cost‑effective. Prices are typically quoted per kilogram or per pound and differ for bar, sheet, tube and scrap. Scrap titanium commands lower prices yet remains valuable due to the high cost of raw titanium sponge. Customers comparing titanium Grade 2 vs Grade 5 price should expect Grade 5 to cost significantly more because its strength is roughly double (UTS 1000–1190 MPa vs 344–485 MPa) and alloying elements add to production cost.

For procurement, it is advisable to request a current quotation as market prices fluctuate. BACH INDUSTRY AG sources titanium sponge globally and maintains inventories to shorten lead times. The Indian HSN code 8108 classifies “titanium and articles thereof, including waste and scrap” and attracts a goods and services tax (GST) rate of 18 %; this information is relevant for importers shipping material to India. For European customers, material is available ex‑stock or on short manufacturing lead times. Inquiries for titanium Grade 2 sheet price or Grade 2 round bar price per kg can be addressed through the company’s sales team.

Industrial & Medical Applications

Thanks to its combination of moderate strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, Grade 2 titanium finds use across diverse industries. Aerospace applications include airframe skins, ducting and cryogenic vessels; the alloy’s low density and high strength‑to‑weight ratio reduce aircraft mass and fuel consumption. In chemical processing and power generation sectors, Grade 2 is used for heat exchangers, reaction vessels, condenser tubing and flue‑gas desulphurization systems, where it resists corrosion from oxidizing acids and seawater. Marine and desalination plants use Grade 2 in pumps, propeller shafts, evaporator tubing and pressure vessels due to its durability in saltwater.

In the medical field, commercially pure titanium (especially Grade 1 and Grade 2) is chosen for implants and prosthetics because it is non‑toxic, non‑magnetic and integrates well with bone. Plates, screws, dental implants and prosthetic joints made from Grade 2 can last for decades without causing adverse reactions. The alloy’s moderate strength and high fatigue resistance allow it to withstand repetitive loading, while its biocompatibility reduces the risk of rejection. BACH INDUSTRY AG supplies medical‑grade sheet, bar and wire conforming to ASTM F67 specifications for surgical implants.

Grade 2 vs Other Materials

When selecting titanium, engineers often compare Grade 2 with other CP grades and with alloyed titanium or alternative metals. Compared with Grade 1, Grade 2 offers higher strength but slightly lower ductility. Grade 3 and Grade 4 have higher strengths and lower ductility, which makes them suitable for more demanding structural applications but harder to form. Grade 5 (Ti‑6Al‑4V) stands out for its high strength-to-weight ratio, heat resistance and broad industrial use; however, it is more expensive and less ductile than Grade 2. The MakeItFrom database shows Grade 2 has UTS ~420 MPa and yield strength ~360 MPa, whereas Grade 5 has UTS ~1000–1190 MPa and yield strength ~910–1110 MPa. These differences explain why Grade 5 is chosen for high‑performance aerospace and medical implants, while Grade 2 remains a versatile, cost‑effective choice for less extreme applications.

Compared with stainless steel, Grade 2 titanium is around 60 % lighter and exhibits superior corrosion resistance in chloride environments, though its absolute strength is lower. For applications where weight reduction and corrosion performance outweigh strength considerations – such as marine hardware, heat exchangers and consumer products – Grade 2 provides long service life and lower maintenance costs.

Consumer Mentions

Titanium Grade 2 has also entered the consumer market. Premium watchmakers, for example, use CP titanium cases to achieve a lightweight yet durable feel; the Tudor Pelagos diver’s watch and various Sandmarc smartphone accessories advertise the use of Grade 2 titanium for its hypoallergenic and corrosion‑resistant qualities. Buyers seeking titanium Grade 2 watches, smartphone lenses or cycling components appreciate the distinctive grey appearance and scratch‑resistance offered by the material. While these consumer products represent a small fraction of titanium demand, they highlight the metal’s appeal beyond heavy industry.

Conclusion

Titanium Grade 2 (UNS R50400) is a commercially pure titanium alloy that provides a winning combination of moderate strength, low density, outstanding corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Its chemical composition (≥ 98.9 % Ti with controlled impurities) and mechanical properties (UTS 344–485 MPa, yield strength 275–410 MPa, elongation ~20–28 %) make it suitable for applications ranging from aerospace and chemical processing to medical implants and consumer products. A protective oxide film gives Grade 2 exceptional corrosion resistance to seawater, oxidizing acids and chlorine-bearing media, while its non‑magnetic and non‑toxic nature supports biomedical use. Processing is straightforward: the alloy can be cold‑formed, hot‑worked, welded and machined using standard practices.

BACH INDUSTRY AG supplies titanium Grade 2 sheet, plate, bar, wire, pipe, tubing, fittings and fasteners in accordance with ASTM and AMS specifications. Our experienced team can advise on selecting the right product form, provide quotations reflecting current titanium Grade 2 price per kg and arrange logistics worldwide. Whether you are engineering chemical process equipment, specifying desalination plant tubing, designing medical implants or sourcing material for precision fasteners, Grade 2 titanium offers a durable and cost‑effective solution backed by decades of proven performance.

Our stock network extends across Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Belgium and Africa, with rapid shipping to Zurich and neighbouring regions. Contact us for cutting, machining or custom fabrication services.